ALL SAINTS, Stanstead Road, Hockerill. 1937, by S. E. Dykes Bower. In a position overlooking the whole town. Big square tower with hipped roof and three excessively elongated lancet windows. The two entrances into the aisles with curiously lobed arches. Interior with tall circular piers, a long aisleless chancel and a rose E window with C20 flowing tracery.
Bishop’s Stortford. The greatest thing it has done for the world was to give birth to Cecil Rhodes, and we may believe that the time will come when the house in which he was born will be a place of pilgrimage. Yet this small town had its place in history centuries before young Rhodes sat in the pews at St Michael’s listening to his father preach. In the public gardens is a mound on which it is believed a castle stood, Waytemore Castle, the fortress of Bishop Maurice of London, into whose hands the Conqueror entrusted this key position by the ford over the River Stort. The outer works and moats can be traced among the walks and flowerbeds.
The
hilly streets of Bishop’s Stortford set off to advantage the fine old
buildings among the new, many of them inns from the 16th to I7th
centuries with overhanging storeys; the Boar’s Head and the timbered
Black Lion still carrying on, the White Horse, with its plastered
heraldic front of Italian work, an inn no longer.
Two
fine churches, an old one and a new one, look to each other across the
roofs of the town, both set on hills. The new church is All Saints, the
old one is St Michael’s. The new one, looking out over the town from
Hockerill, was designed by Mr Dykes Bower, and is one of the best modern
churches we have seen. It has a magnificent rose window in the east
with Christ in the centre surrounded by dazzling colours, rings of
little suns, flames, and symbols. The west window has three great plain
lancets in the tower. There are four high arches on each side of the
nave, supported by round columns, the stone roof is spaced out in 125
compartments, and there is a charming oriel in the sanctuary.
But
the eye turns first and last in this town to the splendid 500 year-old
church shooting up its pinnacled tower and spire from among the houses
on the top of the other hill, summoning its worshippers with a peal
often bells. The spire was added in 1812. They enter today by the very
door people pushed open five centuries ago, and in one spandrel of the
doorway is the same strange carving of the All-Seeing Eye, the Angel of
the Resurrection sounding his trumpet in the opposite spandrel. The door
opens on the six great bays of the spacious nave and aisles, where
corbels of angels and apostles and medieval folk turn on us their stony
gaze; we noticed a gardener, a cook, and a woodman among them. Save for a
few changes and additions the church is wholly medieval, and has a
Norman font which has been buried, having probably belonged to the
church before this. There are 18 rich choir stalls, making a grand show
with their traceried backs and panelled fronts, and misericords crowded
with 15th-century faces and fancies, men and animals, one of them a rare
early carving of a whale. The fine chancel screen is mainly 15th
century, but the vaulting is new. The pulpit and a remarkable chest are
Jacobean, the chest having an inside lock of 14 bolts which are as long
as the lid. Both the north chapel and south vestry are Victorian.
There
is a tablet in this fine church to a man who made the River Stort
navigable up to Bishop’s Stortford. He befriended Captain Cook, who
showed his gratitude by making him known to navigators all over the
world, naming after him Port Jackson in New South Wales and Point
Jackson in New Zealand. The man whose name thus lives on the map was
born George Jackson at Richmond in Yorkshire, but he died Sir George
Duckett; here in the church is his memorial. We find no memorial to a
butcher’s son born here in 1813, who did much to help photography by
proving the use of collodion in developing films. He was Frederick Scott
Archer, and his children were pensioned by the Crown because his
invention brought him no profit but yielded vast profits for others.
Much
happier in his fortune was the famous physician who lies in the Quaker
burial ground; he was Thomas Dimsdale, an Essex man who adopted
Hertfordshire as his county, practised as a doctor in the county town,
and sat in Parliament for it. He is remembered for his pioneering with
inoculation for smallpox, and especially because Catherine of Russia
invited him to her capital to inoculate herself and her son. It was in
1768, when the adventure was fraught with some peril, and the empress
arranged for relays of horses from the capital to the border to aid the
doctor’s escape in case of disaster. Happily all was well, and Dimsdale
received £2000 for expenses, a fee of £10,000, and an allowance of £500 a
year. He was laid in the burial ground of the Quakers here when he was
89 years old.
One
of the windows of St Michael’s is in memory of the old vicar Francis
Rhodes, who was laid to rest here eight years after his delicate son had
left for South Africa. He lived to hear the good news that his son had
found health and strength and was working in the diamond digging, and he
saw him home again entering on a graduate’s life at Oxford; but he died
in 1878 before Cecil entered the Cape Parliament, and before he had
formed his great plan of a British South Africa. In the birthplace we
see his portrait looking down from the wall on the bed in which Cecil
Rhodes was born.
Bishop’s
Stortford has been long in paying homage to its great son, but it has
made amends, has bought the house he was born in and the house next
door, and is developing both as a Cecil Rhodes Museum. The house is
refurnished with pieces that either belonged to the family or belonged
to the time, and it is an attractive place for any pilgrim interested in
Rhodes of Rhodesia. In addition to the bed he was born in, one of
eleven children, there is here the Bible his mother gave him, a fine old
clock which was ticking in those days, a picturesque native drum used
for communicating signals, a water colour he painted of a windjammer,
and the uniforms he wore on ceremonial occasions - and never again.
Cecil
Rhodes’s birthplace has all the glamour and fascination that invests
the homes of famous men, and it is gratifying to find how much this
great empire-builder’s memory is honoured in his native town.
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