John Coventry 1793-1829

Is it me alone who finds this extraordinary; my 5 x great-grandfather's wife dies so he steals someone elses!:

The Times, Apr 12, 1854

BERENS' DIVORCE

HOUSE OF LORDS, Tuesday, April 11.

The House sat at a quarter before 5 o'clock this afternoon to take further proceedings in the "Berens' Divorce Bill".

The Lords present were the Lord Chancellor, Lord Brougham, the Earl of Fingall, Lord Monteagle, Lord Wynford and other peers.

The matter having been recently before the public, it will only be necessary for us to give brief outline of the facts of the case. The petitioner, Captain William Joseph Berens, or Orpington, in the county of Kent, sought to dissolve his marriage with Miss Rolleston his present wife. Captain Berens is a member of an influential family in that county, and was married to Miss Louisa Maria Rolleston on the 20th of July, 1837. The marriage was performed by the lady's uncle. Of this marriage there was no issue, and it was proved that the parties had lived most happily together until they had become acquainted with Mr John Coventry of Burgate House, in the county of Southampton. Mrs Berens first met Mr Coventry on the occasion of her visit to Scotland in consequence of the death of her sister, Mrs Bromley, who died in January, 1853. Subsequently to her return to England Mr Coventry called at Orpington Hall to consult her as to the nature of the tomb to be erected to her sister's memory in Scotland. Upon that occasion his visit extended to five days, but there was not any act, either of Mrs Berens or of Mr Coventry, which gave rise to the least suspicion as to their want of propriety of conduct. Mr Coventry paid one other visit only, and on the night of the 10th of May Mrs Berens eloped, as was afterwards proved, with that gentleman. The lady's flight was discovered on the following morning by the lady's maid upon her entering the bedroom of her mistress (Captain and Mrs Berens at this time occupied separate rooms in consequence of illness), when she found that Mrs Berens was gone, and had not been in bed during the night. Upon a subsequent examination of the premises the servant discovered that her mistress had gone out through a side door into the garden. It was then proved that the parties had fled in a fly, which had been hired by the gentleman at the Tiger's Head, Lee, by means of which they had been conveyed to the Bricklayer's Arms, in the Old Kent Road, where they had alighted and entered a cab, in which they were driven towards London Bridge. Notwithstanding that every inquiry was made the parties were not found till the 21st of June, upon which day a clerk to the solicitors of Captain Berens met Mr Coventry at Liverpool, when he served him a writ. Upon the former day evidence was given of the fact the Mr Coventry and Mrs Berens having, on the night of the 18th of May, slept together as man and wife at the Commercial Hotel, Dale Street, Liverpool, and that they then went to the Albion Hotel, Manchester, where they remained until the 23rd, when they took private lodgings. An action was commenced by Captain Berens against Mr Coventry, who allowed judgement to go by default, and a writ of enquiry which was subsequently issued resulted in the damages being assessed at £700. Which sum, together with £216 as taxed costs, were afterwards paid by Mr Coventry's solicitors. Proceedings were then taken in the Ecclesiastical Courts for a divorce, and on the 6th of December a decree for a separation a mensa et thoro was pronounced. The petitioner then instituted the present proceedings.

Evidence was produced on a former day, and reported in our columns in due course, and the further consideration was postponed.

The Lord Chancellor now moved the second reading of the bill. He had no hesitation in recommending their Lordships to read this bill a second time, inasmuch as a perusal of the evidence which had been offered at the bar of the House could not but prove to their Lordships that it was at once satisfactory and conclusive as to the facts and circumstances of which the petitioner complained. So clear, indeed, was the evidence as to the positive proof, that there could be no doubt of the improper conduct and elopement of the wife, nor could there be the least doubt, from the evidence given, that she had been most kindly and affectionately treated by her husband. Under such a state of circumstances, therefore, it was that he now advised their Lordships to read this bill a second time.

Lord Brougham entirely concurred in the remarks which had fallen from his noble and learned friend on the woolsack. It was impossible in any way to doubt the evidence which had been produced in support of the two points which had been adverted to by his noble and learned friend - namely, as to the bad conduct and elopement of the wife, and the fact of the kind treatment she had at all times received from her husband.

The bill was then read a second time.

An earlier and more detailed account of the Crim Con case to follow.

Arkesden, Essex

St Mary the Virgin sits atop a hill (or what we in Essex call a hill) overlooking the heart of the village and whilst the church and its position are lovely it contains one of the most over restored monument I've yet seen.

A pretty, small village by a tiny stream.

ST MARY. Traces of a Norman round tower were found, when in 1855 the present W tower was built. At the same time the church was heavily restored. It consists of a C13 nave and a C13 chancel. Roofs, clerestory, and chancel arch belong to 1855. Inside, the S arcade has circular piers, the N arcade octagonal piers. Both have arches with two slight chamfers. So they must both be C13, and not too late. - PLATE. Cup of 1562; Paten of 1567. - MONUMENTS. Brass to a Knight, mid C15, the figure three feet long. - Effigy of a Priest, C15; in a very low two-bay recess in the chancel N wall. The recess has three broad piers with niches for figures. - Richard Cutte d. 1592 and wife. Large standing wall-monument with two recumbent effigies, and the children kneeling against arches on the front of the tomb-chest. The effigies under a heavy six-poster with odd short baluster-columns which have leaves growing up the lower thirds of their shafts. Straight top with obelisks and achievements. - John Withers d. 1692 and wife. Standing wall-monument with an excellent stone-relief of skulls and branches and higher up excellent busts of marble. It is a first-class work and has recently been convincingly attributed to Edward Pearce (cf. Great Canfield). 

Arthur Mee:

Arkesden. It lies in a winding valley and has its share of the old farms and cottages which are the pride of Essex. From a little bridge guarded by an ancient elm its green slopes up to a churchyard with a peace memorial on a great boulder between two handsome pines. Higher still stands the church, which has a 15th century tower rising from the massive Norman foundations. The building has been much restored, but is chiefly 700 years old, with double lancets in the chancel, fine round pillars in the nave and an aisle added in 1500 by a wealthy London fishmonger. The font bowl is Norman and stands on low arches not quite so old. A piscina in one of the aisles has been supported by a grotesque head for 600 years.

But the great attraction here is in the ancient monuments. A solemn 15th century priest lies in his robes in the chancel, in a double recess divided by a pillar with a lovely niche. He may have come from Walden Abbey in Bedfordshire, to which this church belonged for nearly 200 years before the Reformation; we see the abbey arms in old glass in the tower. A brass portrait shows Richard Fox of 1439 in armour with his dog and beside him towers the Elizabethan monument of Richard Cutte, who lies with his wife under a rich canopy. His feet are on the heraldic beast of his crest and hers rest on a red dog, but the quaint feature of the tomb is its recesses at the sides, six of them with figures of children, all named.

A boy of the next generation in this family, son of another Richard Cutte, is known to history as John Cutts and shines in the glowing pages of Macauley as he shone on the battlefields of the Duke of Marlborough. He was born at Arkesden in 1661 and lived to be a great soldier. He fought Protestant battles wherever he had the chance and always, as Macauley says, as the bravest of the brave. He is a European figure and was the first to lead the attack at the Battle of Blenheim, his last battle. So much at ease was he in the hottest engagements that his men called him the Salamander and Macauley declared that he was unrivalled for bulldog courage, always the man for a forlorn hope. In peaceful life he made Steele his secretary and Steele dedicated his first book to him. Perhaps it is to the honour of this courageous man that he was himself the butt of Dean Swift's abuse. He died in Dublin and so is not among his ancestors in this village which gave him birth.

Just a century younger is a big monument to John Withers of the Middle Temple, with handsome busts of himself and his wife, by Roubiliac, A side chapel is in memory of Herbert Fearn who, in 1916, finished a ministry of 47 years. Rich glass above its little altar shows the Madonna, St Michael and St Alban.

The churchyard has kept some of its gravestones since the 17th century, one with a cherub and two skulls in foliage deeply carved.

Flickr set.

Blossom

P4212004
Originally uploaded by david.robarts

Spring finally seems to have sprung.

Aldham, Essex

St Mary's was, unfortunately, locked with no hint of a keyholder advertised so all I could do was an external but it's a gem of a building and well worth a visit. After trying to visit many churches which turned out to be locked with no keyholder advertised (I should say at this point that I've visited many more locked churches which list several keyholders than those that don't)I fired off the following to Lambeth Palace:

Dear Bish

I'm currently trying to record your/our churches in Uttlesford both inside and out but am confounded by many which are locked without keyholders - why are we not allowed to view our heritage?

What p***** me off is the illogical pattern through the district - Hempstead open, Radwinter locked with no keyholder, Wimbish open at weekends, Steeple Bumpstead locked no keyholder, Helions Bumpstead open!

I can list more throughout the county, and Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, which are locked without keyholders listed - can you explain why a national resource is locked away - other than for fear of theft (which threat applies equally to open churches).

In almost every Church Visitor Book I've signed and seen there's been a comment along the lines of "Thank you for being open", I've seen an entry that decided a young girl against an abortion, I've seen people returning to celebrate their marriages but being unable to return to another Church for a Christening.

I know,in this day and age, its hard but I expect to be able to contact a keyholder for all our churches.

David

Re-reading it I cringe a bit but at the time I'd just completed a large circuit and come across many bolted churches and was tired and angry.

Despite my intemperate tone I got a thoroughly tempered reply:

Dear Mr ******* - Thank you for your message. It highlights a serious dilemma facing churches today. There is a natural wish on the part of clergy for their churches to be open and available at all times. Sadly however, as you realise, to leave them open exposes them to vandalism and theft. The freehold of the church is vested in the incumbent of the parish, who is the custodian of the keys. The only people who have a legal right of free access to the building are the churchwardens for the performance of their duties.

We have to remember that we today are merely custodians of the thousands of churches up and down the country. They were built, decorated and endowed by our forebears for the glory of God. They are not ours absolutely. Rather we have a residual responsibility to those who bequeathed them to our trust. Furthermore our churches are part of the heritage that belongs to the whole nation, churchgoer and non-churchgoer alike. We should be failing in our duty to our forebears and our nation if the buildings in our care were they knowingly exposed to damage and theft. Many people would be outraged at the church permitting such sacrilege and destruction of their heritage (even though of course, if a church is locked the heritage is as good as stolen, being denied to those who wish to enjoy it!).

In many parishes the problem is overcome by arranging a rota of people willing to sit for an hour or so at a time in a church. The presence of someone in the building is the best deterrent to vandals. Though it has to be remembered that an elderly unaccompanied person could be at risk from assault and some thieves are not easily deterred. Other solutions require expensive electronic surveillance equipment that can only be afforded by a small number of parishes – and this of course does not prevent theft or vandalism; it simply makes detection easier.

In most other places where a church is locked, a notice is displayed explaining where the key may be had by those wishing to get inside. This arrangement of course depends on the co-operation of a neighbour who may or may not be in when a visitor calls. It is not therefore a fail-safe solution. Where all these solutions are impractical then, very sadly, a church must sometimes remain locked. That is a matter of deep regret. Almost certainly however, a priest will ensure a building is open by prior arrangement for a visitor. That does require however a bit of forward planning.

My response was:

Dear Andrew

This is a very irritating reply due to the fact that it's utterly reasonable and totally irrefutable and leaves me high and dry - but I'll try!

The keynote to me is: if a church is locked the heritage is as good as stolen, being denied to those who wish to enjoy it!

I realise that not all parish churches can be open all the time, particularly in the remote ones, but when one comes across padlocked churches (Earles Colne for example) in the middle of a busy town or village one has to wonder what message the Church is sending to it's presumed congregration and, on the other hand, when Albury, lost in the depths of Hertfordshire, is open - where I could have nicked anything including the roof lead and the Spire - to me, it's a no brainer you open the Church.

As to Vandalism and Theft - locking them, as a quick Google search seems to show, makes little or no difference.

My main point was about your incumbents who don't even offer keyholders, why can I walk into Thaxted, Much Hadham, Thorley, Lindsell, Standon, Tilty but other Churches are locked without a hint of a keeper?

I replied at the end of March and haven't heard back as yet and assume that I won't hear anything more from Lambeth Palace on the subject. But as a practising Catholic who has lost his churches once, albeit a while ago, it still irks me when I come across one of our churches to which we have no access except when Mass is celebrated.

Actually having re-read the last para what really irks me is that a church like Chickney which is seriously isolated and therefore, one assumes, more vulnerable to vandalism and theft is always (when I've visited) open but a large, and interesting, church in the middle of Earls Colne - which I would describe as a town - is not only locked but padlocked with no indication as to how to gain access.

Perhaps, with reflection, this says more about society and town living than it does about the CoE; however given the obvious spiritual relief that churches give to even the most disbelieving (or so I believe - the architecture alone uplifts you let alone the dedication that went in to the creation of most of the buildings) it seems shameful to allow no access to some churches or for that matter to charge to enter others but that's another issue which will lead me onto an entirely different rant - so I wont go there.

Having been advised that keyholders are now listed I revisited last Saturday (29/03/14) and borrowed the key - the keyholder expressed genuine astonishment that I'd previously not found a keyholder notice since keys had been available for ages (perhaps post 2010 or perhaps, to be more generous, the notice was lost when I first visited). Anyway it's now accessible but to be honest, and as to be expected for a new build, it's really rather dull inside with little of interest. BUT it is accessible which, as usual, earns it a bonus point.

ST MARGARET. 1855 by Hakewill, with the materials of the old church, but very Victorian in the picturesque grouping, specially from the outside, and the wild overdoing of flint as the surfacing material. Even the walls of the porch look all cobbled. The porch otherwise, that is in its timber-work, is the only medieval piece. It is of the C!4 with ogee-traceried side panels and a heavily bargeboarded gable. The bargeboarding also ends in an ogee arch. - DOOR to the tower with symmetrically arranged C13 iron scrolls.

Arthur Mee says:

Aldham. Its houses and its church have parted company. The 16th century houses are still by the road but the church was moved about a hundred years ago, stone by stone, to a quieter spot near a thatched barn. They gave it a new graceful spire in moving it, but most of the church was 600 years old when taken to its new address. It has a beautifully carved timber porch of the 14th century. Time has been kind to the lovely ironwork on the door of the tower, for it has come down from 13th century days, when the famous Thomas of Leighton was shaping his wonderful iron grille over Queen Eleanor's tomb in Westminster Abbey.

On the site of the old church is the tomb of Philip Morant, rector from 1745 to 1770, to whom all who love Essex owe much. By the influence of his son-in-law, Keeper of the Tower Records, he was made editor of the first records of Parliament, covering the period from 1278 to 1413, but his chief title to fame is the History of Essex.

St Mary's was, unfortunately, locked with no hint of a keyholder advertised so all I could do was an external but it's a gem of a building and well worth a visit. After trying to visit many churches which turned out to be locked with no keyholder advertised (I should say at this point that I've visited many more locked churches which list several keyholders than those that don't)I fired off the following to Lambeth Palace:

Dear Bish

I'm currently trying to record your/our churches in Uttlesford both inside and out but am confounded by many which are locked without keyholders - why are we not allowed to view our heritage?

What p***** me off is the illogical pattern through the district - Hempstead open, Radwinter locked with no keyholder, Wimbish open at weekends, Steeple Bumptsead locked no keyholder, Helions Bumpstead open!

I can list more throughout the county, and Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, which are locked without keyholders listed - can you explain why a national resourcre is locked away - other than for fear of theft (which threat applies equally to open churches).

In almost every Church Visitor Book I've signed and seen there's been a comment along the lines of "Thank you for being open", I've seen an entry that decided a young girl against an abortion, I've seen people returning to celebrate their marriages but being unable to return to another Church for a Christening.

I know,in this day and age, its hard but I expect to be able to contact a keyholder for all our churches.

David

Re-reading it I cringe a bit but at the time I'd just completed a large circuit and come across many bolted churches and was tired and angry.

Despite my intemperate tone I got a thoroughly tempered reply:

Dear Mr ******* - Thank you for your message. It highlights a serious dilemma facing churches today. There is a natural wish on the part of clergy for their churches to be open and available at all times. Sadly however, as you realise, to leave them open exposes them to vandalism and theft. The freehold of the church is vested in the incumbent of the parish, who is the custodian of the keys. The only people who have a legal right of free access to the building are the churchwardens for the performance of their duties.

We have to remember that we today are merely custodians of the thousands of churches up and down the country. They were built, decorated and endowed by our forebears for the glory of God. They are not ours absolutely. Rather we have a residual responsibility to those who bequeathed them to our trust. Furthermore our churches are part of the heritage that belongs to the whole nation, churchgoer and non-churchgoer alike. We should be failing in our duty to our forebears and our nation if the buildings in our care were they knowingly exposed to damage and theft. Many people would be outraged at the church permitting such sacrilege and destruction of their heritage (even though of course, if a church is locked the heritage is as good as stolen, being denied to those who wish to enjoy it!).

In many parishes the problem is overcome by arranging a rota of people willing to sit for an hour or so at a time in a church. The presence of someone in the building is the best deterrent to vandals. Though it has to be remembered that an elderly unaccompanied person could be at risk from assault and some thieves are not easily deterred. Other solutions require expensive electronic surveillance equipment that can only be afforded by a small number of parishes – and this of course does not prevent theft or vandalism; it simply makes detection easier.

In most other places where a church is locked, a notice is displayed explaining where the key may be had by those wishing to get inside. This arrangement of course depends on the co-operation of a neighbour who may or may not be in when a visitor calls. It is not therefore a fail-safe solution. Where all these solutions are impractical then, very sadly, a church must sometimes remain locked. That is a matter of deep regret. Almost certainly however, a priest will ensure a building is open by prior arrangement for a visitor. That does require however a bit of forward planning.

My response was:

Dear Andrew

This is a very irritating reply due to the fact that it's utterly reasonable and totally irrefutable and leaves me high and dry - but I'll try!

The keynote to me is: if a church is locked the heritage is as good as stolen, being denied to those who wish to enjoy it!

I realise that not all parish churches can be open all the time, particularly in the remote ones, but when one comes across padlocked churches (Earles Colne for example) in the middle of a busy town or village one has to wonder what message the Church is sending to it's presumed congregration and, on the other hand, when Albury, lost in the depths of Hertfordshire, is open - where I could have nicked anything including the roof lead and the Spire - to me, it's a no brainer you open the Church.

As to Vandalism and Theft - locking them, as a quick Google search seems to show, makes little or no difference.

My main point was about your incumbents who don't even offer keyholders, why can I walk into Thaxted, Much Hadham, Thorley, Lindsell, Standon, Tilty but other Churches are locked without a hint of a keeper?

I replied at the end of March and haven't heard back as yet and assume that I won't hear anything more from Lambeth Palace on the subject. But as a practising Catholic who has lost his churches once, albeit a while ago, it still irks me when I come across one of our churches to which we have no access except when Mass is celebrated.

Actually having re-read the last para what really irks me is that a church like Chickney which is seriously isolated and therefore, one assumes, more vulnerable to vandalism and theft is always (when I've visited) open but a large, and interesting, church in the middle of Earls Colne - which I would describe as a town - is not only locked but padlocked with no indication as to how to gain access.

Perhaps, with reflection, this says more about society and town living than it does about the CoE; however given the obvious spiritual relief that churches give to even the most disbelieving (or so I believe - the architecture alone uplifts you let alone the dedication that went in to the creation of most of the buildings) it seems shameful to allow no access to some churches or for that matter to charge to enter others but that's another issue which will lead me onto an entirely different rant - so I wont go there.


Arthur Mee says:


Aldham. Its houses and its church have parted company. The 16th century houses are still by the road but the church was moved about a hundred years ago, stone by stone, to a quieter spot near a thatched barn. They gave it a new graceful spire in moving it, but most of the church was 600 years old when taken to its new address. It has a beautifully carved timber porch of the 14th century. Time has been kind to the lovely ironwork on the door of the tower, for it has come down from 13th century days, when the famous Thomas of Leighton was shaping his wonderful iron grille over Queen Eleanor's tomb in Westminster Abbey.


On the site of the old church is the tomb of Philip Morant, rector from 1745 to 1770, to whom all who love Essex owe much. By the influence of his son-in-law, Keeper of the Tower Records, he was made editor of the first records of Parliament, covering the period from 1278 to 1413, but his chief title to fame is the History of Essex.

Albury, Hertfordshire

I visited St Mary's, Albury in March as part of my mission to catalogue all reasonably local churches in my area and then, subsequently and unexpectedly, discovered that the Barlee/Barley monuments are directly linked to a paternal 19th great grandfather. Extraordinary to think that a very local church to where I grew up has links to part of my heritage extant in the C15th and I never knew about the connection until very recently!

There's also a much damaged monument to Sir Walter de la Lee and his wife - the damage that was done to monuments and church decor in our past always surprises me but not as much as some Victorian, and later, restoration (the worst I've seen to date was in Arkesden which I think I will show in its full horror in a later post). Being a great corbel fan I get terribly depressed when I visit a church and find that they've all been hacked off or defaced but not, I think, as angry as I get about the deliberate defilement of someones tomb. This deliberate damage to the de la Lee's effigies strikes me as criminal.

ST MARY. As in so many churches in this neighbourhood the chancel is the earliest surviving part: C13 with original N and S lancet windows. The nave and aisles are mid CI4, as shown by the aisle windows with very unusual, rather ugly, heavily flowing tracery. The arcades have piers with big round shafts and thin shafts in the diagonals. The arches are two-centred and double-chamfered in the S, more complex in the N. The chancel arch is of the same style, the very tall tower arch evidently a hundred years later. The tower has diagonal buttresses, a low stair-turret, and a spike. - PULPIT. C18 with inlaid shield. - SCREEN. Tall, C15. - PLATE. Chalice, 1626. - MONUMENTS. Tomb-chest with five quatrefoils with shields. On it the defaced efligies of a Knight and a Lady of c. 1400. - Brass to a Knight in armour and his Lady, elegant somewhat mannered figures of under 1 1/2 f t length, c. 1475 (nave floor). - Brass to Thomas Leventhorp d. 1588 and wife and children; husband and wife turned towards each other (S aisle). - Brass to John Scrogs d. 1592 with wife and child; one plate with tapering sides. 

Albury. The River Ash trickles through the valley below, and on neighbouring hilltops are Albury Lodge and Upwick Hall, both with 17th century panelling and oak doorways older still, while the gardener at the hall lives in a cottage 500 years old.

Near the church is a 16th-century timbered house with leaning walls, and beyond is an inn with a ready-made text in its sign, The Labour in Vain. In summer the scent of lime and syringa steals into the church, where are also the fresh colour and coolness of trees, for the 13th century chancel, behind its screen of 15th century tracery, has been entirely panelled in white oak, with new seats and an altar rail to match, all set against a carpet as green as leaves. The nave, the aisles, and the chancel arch are 14th century; the pinnacled tower and needle spire and two of the bells were added in the 15th, and the porch soon afterwards. There is an ancient iron-bound chest with four locks, some 15th-century ironwork on the door to the tower staircase, a 17th century altar table, and a pulpit made up of Jacobean panelling inlaid with the arms of the Leventhorpes.

Thomas Leventhorpe, who died in 1588, is pictured in brass with his wife and six daughters; an unknown knight and his dainty lady are shown with their four daughters; and thinly scratched on a rough sheet of brass are John Scrogs, his wife and child, some shields and a skull, and the date 1592. Another brass shows the arms of Anne Barley and tells of money left by her to buy bread for the poor. In his armour on an altar tomb lies one of Richard II’s knights, his wife beside him in the simple dress of the end of the 14th century. He may be Sir Walter de la Lee, but his name is lost, and he remains an unknown soldier, like many of those who knelt before the crucifix in the chapel, for this came from the hospital chapel at Wimereux in France, placed here by the chaplain in memory of all who died in that hospital during the Great War. The altar cloth was also brought from there.

Flickr set.

family history and Essex+

To start from the beginning would be too boring, so to summarise: I started researching my family tree about ten years ago and quickly realised that I wasn't a trophy hunter - I wanted the history, as far as possible, behind the name of the ancestor which then led to an interest in Monumental Inscriptions, which led to a desire to photograph as many places as I could where that ancestor either lived or was interred, which led to an interest in Churches in general and the monuments therein, which led me to an attempt to document all the churches within my grasp at any one time but mainly based around Essex and Hertfordshire.

I suspect other subjects might creep in.